מאגרי מידע > מחקר > המלחמה > אירועים וקרבות מרכזיים > שנת 1942 > קרב ים האלמוגים

קרב ים האלמוגים

לאחר שכבשה כמעט את כל דרום מזרח אסיה תוך חודשים ספורים, יפן הייתה בשיא כוחה. לאחר סדרת תבוסות משפילות וקשות, החלו בעלות הברית בבניית הכוח הדרוש למתקפת הנגד, היה זה הקרב הראשון מבין סדרה של ששה קרבות של היפנים נגד האמריקאים באוקיינוס השקט. הוא נערך ב-15 למאי 1942 על רקע ניסיון היפנים לכבוש את פורט מורסבי - בירת גיניאה החדשה להשלמת כיבוש איים אלו וכראש גשר למתקפה על אוסטרליה. היה זה הקרב הימי הראשון בו ניצלו האמריקאיים את יתרונם בתחום המודיעין התקשורתי (מבצע "מג'יק") ומטוסים של הכוח הימי האמריקאי שכלל שתי נושאות מטוסים הוכוונו ע"י האזנות לתעבורת התקשורת של הצי היפני ומצאו ראשונים את הצי היפני, שגם בו שתי נושאות מטוסים מאלה שתקפו את פרל הרבור. המטוסים של שני הצדדים נכנסו לתקיפה. האמריקאים איבדו נושאת מטוסים אחת והשנייה ניזוקה קשות (מתוך סה"כ 4 נושאות שהיו להם באוקיינוס השקט) ליפנים ניזוקה נושאת מטוסים אחת והשנייה איבדה את מרבית מטוסיה במהלך הקרב.
תוצאות הקרב נטו ברורות לטובת היפנים באשר לאחריו עוד הורעו יחסי הכוחות בים מנקודת ראות אמריקאית. אולם היפנים השעו לפי שעה את נחיתתם בפורט מורסבי ומבחינת אוסטרליה קרב זה אפשר מרווח נשימה שכן הוא דחה את פלישת היפנים לשטחם ואפשר המשך בניין הכוח להגנה על מדינתם. הפגיעה בנושאות המטוסים היפניות ובכוח האווירי שלהן הביא לתוצאה בלתי צפויה, עקב שיטת התגבור וההחזרה לכשירות היפנית לא התאפשר להן להשתתף בקרב מידווי שנערך חודש אחר כך.
האסטרטגיה של בעלות הברית בעת ההיא אשר התמקדה במגננה ובבניין הכוח של צבא ארצות הברית, כוח הנחתים בקלדוניה החדשה וכוח אוסטרלי אווירי ויבשתי בפורט מורסבי (בדרום גינאה החדשה) זכתה לפסק זמן חיוני ביותר.

תרומות:

הפקדה ישירה לחשבון הבנק של העמותה להקמת המוזיאון
בנק הפועלים 12, סניף 656, רחוב הנשיא 57 קרית אונו, 55122
מספר חשבון 27330
על שם העמותה להקמת מוזיאון הלוחם היהודי במלחמת העולם השנייה.

המחאה לפקודת:
העמותה להקמת מוזיאון הלוחם היהודי במלחמת העולם השנייה,
ת"ד 793, קיראון, שלמה המלך 6 קריית אונו 5542106

לפרטים נוספים ניתן להתקשר למשרדי העמותה:
טל. 03-3730444 דוא"ל: veteran@jwmww2.com

חיפוש:

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